Before You File: Decide If You Should
This might sound counterintuitive, but not every loss is worth filing a claim for. Here's why: filing a claim — even a small one — often triggers a premium increase of 9–20% at renewal, lasting 3–5 years. Two claims in three years can spike your rates 20–40%. Three or more can get your policy non-renewed entirely.
The math: If your annual premium is $1,500 and a claim would cause a 15% increase ($225/year for 3 years = $675 in extra premiums), filing a $1,000 claim barely breaks even after your deductible. For claims under $3,000–$5,000, run the numbers before filing.
Step 1: Document Everything Immediately
This is where most people lose money — they clean up, throw things away, or start repairs before documenting the damage. Don't.
- Photos and video: Take wide shots and close-ups of all damage. Record a video walkthrough narrating what happened and what's damaged. Include timestamps.
- Damaged items: Don't throw anything away until the adjuster has seen it. Pile damaged items together and photograph each one.
- Emergency repairs only: You can (and should) prevent further damage — tarp a damaged roof, board up a broken window, turn off water to a burst pipe. But don't make permanent repairs until after the adjuster inspects. Save all receipts for emergency repairs.
- Written inventory: List every damaged item with estimated replacement cost. Include brand names and model numbers where possible.
Step 2: File the Claim Promptly
Call your insurer or file through their app as soon as possible. Most major insurers — State Farm, GEICO, Progressive, Allstate — now have apps that let you file claims, upload photos, and track status without calling. For auto claims specifically, apps with video upload often get claims opened faster than phone calls.
When you file, you'll receive a claim number. Write it down and reference it in all future communications.
Step 3: Work With the Adjuster (Not Against Them)
An adjuster will contact you within 1–3 business days. Their job is to investigate and recommend a settlement amount. Be cooperative and available, but also be prepared:
- Be present during any property inspection and walk through the damage together
- Share your documentation — photos, video, inventory list, receipts
- Be honest and accurate, but don't speculate about fault or say "I'm sorry"
- Take notes during the inspection about what the adjuster says and documents
Step 4: Review the Settlement Offer Carefully
The first offer is often conservative. You are not obligated to accept it. If it seems low:
- Ask the adjuster to explain their valuation methodology
- Get 2–3 independent repair estimates or contractor quotes
- For auto total losses, gather 5–10 comparable vehicle listings from AutoTrader or CarGurus showing similar make, model, year, and mileage
- Submit a written counter-offer with supporting documentation
A documented counter-offer with market evidence gets taken seriously. A verbal complaint usually doesn't.
Step 5: Know Your Rights
If you can't reach an agreement, most states allow you to request an independent appraisal. Both sides hire independent appraisers, and a neutral umpire decides if they disagree. You can also file a complaint with your state's Department of Insurance if you believe the insurer is acting in bad faith.
For large claims ($10,000+), consider hiring a public adjuster. They work on your behalf (not the insurer's) and typically charge 10–15% of the settlement. On a $50,000 claim, they often recover significantly more than you'd get negotiating alone.